Dark nudges barely work and cost trust. Nudge toward their own goal.

Fake scarcity, decoys and defaults that work against the customer barely work on average once publication bias is removed, and they cost trust. Use nudges that serve the customer's own goal.
S Evidence: strong. Large trials or many studies, pointing the same way.
Mertens et al. 2022 · Maier et al. 2022 (bias-corrected reanalysis) · Steven Bartlett's "Goldilocks effect" (three options so the middle one wins) is this decoy idea: real in labs, weaker than sold in the field (🟡).
Not medical, legal or financial advice.
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