Frameworks · Social · 211

Fewer ums, not zero

A few ums are natural. Swap the rest for a pause.

PEWe reviewed the research on it.Speaking, presence and the camera

Hand-drawn diagram of framework 211, Fewer ums, not zero: A few ums are natural. Swap the rest for a pause.
Framework 211 · in one look
How to use it

Record three minutes and count fillers per minute. A few are natural; many cost credibility. Swap them for a silent pause before key points, and plan each answer as point, proof, takeaway.

How sure we are

P Evidence: promising. Good studies, but small or few. Use it and keep checking.

E Evidence: built from practice. What works for coaches and practitioners. Labelled that way.

Sources

Fraundorf & Watson 2011 · thresholds come from secondary reports.

Not medical, legal or financial advice.

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